Antigone Theme Essay - 941 Words

In the story Antigone by Sophocles, the theme guilt and innocence, as wells as morals play a huge role between characters, specifically the female character Antigone, the ruler of the city, Creon, Antigone’s sister, Ismene, and Antigone’s husband, Haimon. Antigone and Haimon represent innocence for many reasons. Their morals lead the two in a direction to honor Antigone’s brother, Antigone protects her sister from certain death, and the lovers commits suicide for the sake of innocence itself. Creon on the other hand represent guilt by his unjust laws of his city, his unruly dictatorship, and putting the blame on everyone but himself for his own actions. Ismene is also guilty in the story by not standing with her sister at the beginning to†¦show more content†¦Leading to Creon’s realization to his guilt. Creon represents guilt by his unjust laws of the land and forcing the people of the city to abide by them. As he forbids anyone to mourn a past king, he strike fear into the people and causes mistrust against himself. As Haimon, the son of Creon explains to his father, â€Å" You are not in a position to know everything / That people say or do, or what they feel: / Your temper terrifies-† (Scene III: 57-59), Creon is in disbelief. Creon has obtained a sense of dictatorship ever since Oedipus has died. He had seen the way Oedipus had ruled over the city and deemed it reasonable to have one opinion in the city alone, his own. Creon proclaims his â€Å"just and unjust† ways with the city, â€Å" I have no dealings, / Whoever is chosen to govern should be obeyed- / Just and unjust!† (Scene III: 33-37). Blame is the final reasoning for his guiltiness is the story. He will always claim he is right and will never take blame for his own laws. Haimon has confronted Creon about his blame, â€Å" Do not believe that you alone can be right. / The man who thinks that, / The man who maintains that only he has the power† (Scene III: 74-76). As soon as Creon realizes that none is to blame, only himself, he admits to his dead son, â€Å" My own blind heart has brought me / From darkness, to final darkness. / I was a fool, not you; and you died for me.† (Exodus: 87-92) and once more, likeShow MoreRelatedAntigone : Human Law Vs. Divine Law1418 Words   |  6 PagesLauren Wolfson Professor Neil Scharnick THR 3270 History of Classical Theatre 30 November 2016 Antigone: Human Law vs. Divine Law The most prominent theme in â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles is the conflict of divine law vs. human law; it is the driving force behind the entire play. It is an issue of which law is the right law, and if Creon s and Antigone s acts were justifiable. It is also a question of what motivates them both to act as they do and if they were predestined to their fates dueRead MoreConformity And Nonconformity In SophoclesAntigone1014 Words   |  5 Pagesdetrimental to the rules that society imposes. In Antigone, the playwright, Sophocles, discusses how the choice to conform or not to conform can have an impact on one’s decisions. He utilizes the controversy surrounding the central conflict of the play, the death of Polyneices, to portray his characters’ attitudes towards conformity and nonconformity. Creon and Ismene are conformists because they believe in the absolute power of the law; whereas, Antigone is a nonconformist because she rebels againstRead MoreComparison Of Antigone And The Dolls House1400 Words   |  6 PagesAnother theme that prevails in both the plays is power. It is exactly what the two characters Creon and Helmer in both the plays namely Antigone and the Dolls house had. Creons tyrannical power on a macro scale as a ruler with Helmers high handed treatment of his wife on a micro level as head of a family is to be discussed in this essay. Both men come across as misogynists. Their quickness to judge and judge harshly seems to be emphasized in both cases. Creon is shown with diverse relationsRead MoreThe Trial And Death Of Socrates By Plato, Antigone, And Confessions By Saint Augustine1506 Words   |  7 Pagesof communal virtue. The fruition of their cooperation brings about conditions where it is easiest for individuals to freely improve the wealth of the public. Using the texts The Trial and Death of Socrates by Plato, Antigone by Sophocles, and Confessions by Saint Augustine, this essay will explore the complex relationship between the individual and society in Greco-Roman culture. It will argue from a classical standpoint that justice is defined as aligning the moral beliefs of individuals with whatRead MoreAa100- Tma061142 Words   |  5 Pagesof people who provide a number of different contributions to a play, providing a historical perspective, acting as counsellors and advisors to the plays characters and at times representing various groups such as villagers or a jury. Within this essay, I will consider the main contribu tions of the chorus within â€Å"The Burial at Thebes† The first time that we are introduced to the chorus is within the Parados, which is sung on the Audio CD. Sophocles uses the Chorus and the parados here to outlineRead MoreThe Challenges Of Seamus Heaney1406 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will analyse the challenges Seamus Heaney faced during the process of translation and writing, including his own conscious effort to make the play suitable for a modern audience. It will demonstrate how Heaney’s use of language and poetry aided in presenting modern ideas through the timbre of Irish/English diction and idiom in an attempt to make the play more ‘speakable’. Identifying features of Greek theatrical conventions and how Heaney used these to shape his play. Heaney also presentsRead MoreEssay on Antigone vs. Pai890 Words   |  4 Pagesarising again. A great example of this comes from the play Antigone by Sophocles and the film Whale Rider by Niki Caro. In both the film and the play, a woman of royal decent is going against a leader for what she feels is right. Although Antigone dies in the end of Antigone, Pai from Whale Rider convinces the leader and lives a happy life. Pai and Antigone were very similar characters because of the problems they faced. First, Pai and Antigone were both women who stood up to a male-led society. SecondRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Antigone And Julius Caesar 1297 Words   |  6 PagesHonors Essay: Antigone and Julius Caesar Option 3 The involvement of women is very important in the two stories, Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and Antigone by Sophocles. Throughout each story it becomes clear that the ideas and biases surrounding women play an important part in how society views women, and how women see themselves. Readers also see these ideas spread into the minds of women affecting what they do in their life, and how they act. Antigone and Ismene, from Antigone, and CalpurniaRead MoreWings of Desire and Antigone: Conflicts and Opposites Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography MacKay, L.A. Antigone, Coriolanus and Hegel. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 93 (1962): 166-174. Web. 19 Mar 2012. JSTOR http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/283759?uid=2uid=4sid=47698786493307 The author, LA MacKay through this article has provided a comprehensive insight into the themes of revolt and conflict illustrated through the characters and sentiments of the play, Antigone and therefore proves to be a valuable resourceRead MoreOedipus Rex Vs. Antigone1417 Words   |  6 PagesDaniel Nierenberg Comparative Essay 11-20-01 Oedipus Rex Antigone It is only natural that an author use similar vessels of literature, such as figurative language, literary devices, and elements in his/her work. It is even more apparent between works that are connected by character, time, and theme. Sophocles did this when he wrote Oedipus Rex and Antigone. When comparing the two pieces, it becomes evident that very similar vessels connected these very different plays. Sophocles uses a

Environmental Implications of NAFTA on North America Essay

Environmental Implications of NAFTA on North America Introduction Prior to 1994, trade and the environment were two entirely separate issues. There were no environmental regulations found in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) or in the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Upon the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) environmental concerns of North America as a whole were for the first time provided within a side agreement to the NAFTA. Finally there is a trade agreement that recognizes the concerns of North American citizens to maintain a healthy, sustainable environment, where the damaging effects of free trade could be minimized. The NAFTA entailed provisions for stricter environmental regulations†¦show more content†¦They saw that Mexico’s environmental regulations were less strict and those that were in place were loosely enforced. American industries would see Mexico as a pollution haven where they could set up less environmentally sound facilities to increase overall profit. Therefore, the NAFT A was seen as beneficial to the American environment at the expense of that of Mexico’s. A question that members of the NAFTA panel must ask themselves is â€Å"†¦is it economically efficient and morally justifiable for agents to satisfy their demand for high environmental standards by allowing others to despoil their environment?† (Kaufmann, par. 45). Another fear of those opposed to the NAFTA was that environmental regulations already in place would deteriorate due to business competition. As Mexico has the lowest environmental regulations, Mexican businesses have an unfair advantage over Canadian and US markets as they can produce goods at a much lower price. This advantage would force the American and Canadian businesses to circumvent their local regulations to remain competitive in their respective markets, eventually leading to the decay of present environmental regulations. Mexican businesses are also faced with a competitive disadvantage due to the fact that in an open market, local businesses will â€Å"†¦be forced to compete with more technologically sophisticated firms from richer countries and, therefore, limit investments in pollutionShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of NAFTA Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesNAFTA is a trade agreement signed by the North American nations of Canada, Mexico and the US. In ter ms of combined GDP between the countries, it has created the largest trade bloc in the world. The NAFTA is a result of many years of negotiations, starting in 1986 under President Ronald Reagan, and finally signed on the 17th of December in 1992 under President George H. W. Bush. It became fully implemented in 2008 under President Barack Obama. The trade agreement was largely implemented as a resultRead More How NAFTA has affected the financial service industries in the United States, Canada, and Mexico1696 Words   |  7 Pages The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was enacted in November of 1993 with aims to facilitate the free flow of goods, services and labor between the United States, Canada and Mexico. The ratification of NAFTA created the world’s largest free market with roughly 390 million consumers and an estimated total output of $8.6 trillion. Clearly, this trade alliance has had a major influence on the financial service industries of the participating nations and will continue to do so in the futureRead More Free Trade and the Environment Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesFree Trade and the Environment Economic Implications of Free Trade Throughout the academic discipline of economics, much attention has been lavished on the purely economic benefits of free trade as opposed to autarky. Economists have argued that both consumer and producer stand to gain from uninhibited international trade. The consumer gains access to greater quantities of a specific good at a more competitive price, while the producer is able to shift his resources into the economy’s comparative-advantageRead MoreThe Transatlantic Trade And Investment Partnership1284 Words   |  6 Pagesdrawbacks. For TTIP, its drawbacks can be divided into two aspects: international and European countries. In the international trade, TTIP is not good for the other countries’ development in the world trade. Because the level of economic development of America and Europe both are very high, it will cause a really high criterion for the other countries that want to be a member of the agreement. In fact, TTIP has exclusive and closeness, which is not good for the development of the multilateral trading systemRead MoreIndustry : Exclusive Artistic Products Industry1077 Words   |  5 Pagesartistic products Industry in North America The force - Variables Strategic Impact P Political High political stability and national security. Environmental laws keep upgrading towards implications how products are made and how it can impact the society. The NAFTA (North American Free-Trade Agreement) is undergoing to mutual benefit both side of partners The overall political forces have more positive impact on this industry, Take full advantage of environmental law and political stability toRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )1349 Words   |  6 Pagespoverty, and enhance labor and environmental protections (Vincent 2014). This review thoroughly examines current environmental policy, and outlays implications for policy-specific regulations included within the TPP to enhance the environmental conservation of habitat for marine mammals. A well-known premise is that past behavior is the best indicator of future behavior. Thus, by examining the environmental policy of past trade agreements, and how they dealt with environmental issues, we can ascertainRead MoreHow Nafta Has Affected the Financial Service Industries in the United States, Canada, and Mexico1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was enacted in November of 1993 with aims to facilitate the free flow of goods, services and labor between the United States, Canada and Mexico. The ratification of NAFTA created the world s largest free market with roughly 390 million consumers and an estimated total output of $8.6 trillion. Clearly, this trade alliance has had a major influence on the financial service industries of the participating nations and will continue to do so in the futureRead MoreMartin Textile6243 Words   |  25 Pagesclosing Case Martins Textiles August 12, 1992, was a really bad day for John Martin. That was the day Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries were to be removedRead MoreMartin Textile6254 Words   |  26 Pagesclosing Case Martins Textiles August 12, 1992, was a really bad day for John Martin. That was the day Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries were to be removed withinRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership And The Canadian Health Care System1953 Words   |  8 PagesThis research paper will examine the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The Trans-Pacific Partnership reduces wages for workers, tariffs, taxes and environmental regulations down to minimum and redefines rules for trade in services and investment between partner countries to increase economic cooperation and the mobility of goods and services. The Trans-Pacific Partnership aims to produce the goods and services efficiently at th e lowest possible cost for consumers. Minimum taxes and regulations limit the

Strated & Business Leading and Managing

Question: Describe about the Traditional Leading and Managing goal effectively? Answer: 1: Ricardo Semlers breaks all the rule of Traditional Leading And Managing which followed in organizations. His style is, as long as employees finishing their goal effectively, they are allowed to take their decision at their own (Fisher, 2005). Every employees point of thinking is taken into consideration by Semler. Hence he had good relationship with his companys employees. Semlers also encouraged his employees to evaluate themselves as well as their managers. In order to have clear view of companys performance Ricardo Semler advised to publish companys accounts. Advantages: Due to low pressure more employees will feel and do work with more interest His style of working introduced innovative changes in working environment Employees can rate themselves and know their mistakes Drawbacks: Employee may face lack of guidance 2: The challenges in front of radical hands-off leader includes such as, the time required for decision making is slow. Leader faces problem of poor time management and conflicts occur during the leadership decisions. In order to address these challenges the ways are: Leaders have to discuss about challenges they are facing in their organization and for this they should have one on one time with employee. Another thing can be done to address the challenges is at the entry level, where the employees trained about the organizational goals and objectives. 3: To identify future leader for the organization it has to be ensured that they should have following characteristics: There leadership should be self inspired Should be creative in their ideas Should have long vision and personal power Innovative in ideas Relational intelligence Yes it is definitely essential to have leadership training to the leaders of this organization. It is important that leader should have training course of minimum two days. The training will help them to improvise their coaching skills. They can evaluate their role like when they have to be a boss and when as a coach. Due to training they can sharpen their and others skills and greatness. 4: The first thing other businesses can learn from Ricardo Semlers approach that they should build trust within their organization and with their staff. This approach helps other businesses to empower their employees and boost confidence that their goals will be accomplished. Also with this approach other businesses will easily retain their employees. References: Fisher L. M. (2005) Ricardo Semler Wont Take Control, Strated Business, pp. 78-88 Semler, R. (2004) The Seven D: Weekend Changing the Way Work Works

Queen Victoria Was Born In 1819 And She Died In 1901. She Was Queen Of

Queen Victoria was born in 1819 and she died in 1901. She was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901) and empress of India (1876-1901). Queen Victoria was born Alexandrina Victoria on May 24, 1819, in Kensington Palace, London. Victoria's mother was Victoria Mary Louisa, daughter of the duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Her father was Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and Strathern, the fourth son of George III and youngest brother of George IV and William IV, they were kings of Great Britain. Because William IV had no legal children, his niece Victoria became inheritor apparent to the British crown upon his accession in 1830. On June 20, 1837, with the expiration of William IV. Victoria became queen at the age of 18. Early in her power Victoria developed a serious concern with goings on of state, guided by her first prime minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Melbourne was leader of that wing of the Whig Party that later became known as the Liberal Party. He exercised a immovably progressive command on the political thinking of the sovereign. Marriage In 1840 Victoria married her first cousin, Albert, ruler of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who she had known for about four years. Although this was a wedlock of state, it was a highly extravagant and prosperous one, and Victoria was devoted to her family responsibilities. The first of their nine children was Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise, later queen of Germany. Their first son, Albert Edward, prince of Wales and later monarch of Great Britain as Edward VII, was born in 1841. When the cautious Prince Albert persuaded her that Liberal policy jeopardized the coming of the Crown, the queen began to lose her eagerness for the party. After 1841, when the Melbourne government fell and Sir Robert Peel became prime minister, Victoria was an enthusiastic supporter of the Conservative Party. Also under Albert's influence, she began to interrogation the tradition that restricted the British ruling to an advisory part. In 1850 she challenged the command of Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, alien secretary in the Whig government that had been in command since 1846. Her post was that the sovereign should at least be consulted on different policy. Palmerston, independent and self-assertive, disregarded the request. Their conflict reached a crucial period in 1851, when the prime minister, Lord John Russell, who was also unhappy with Palmerston's elective methods, removed him from the foreign office. Their altercations with Palmerston, one of the most liked political leaders in the country, caused Victoria and Albert to lose some of the regard of their subjects. Their popularity dwindled even more in 1854, when they tried to avert the Crimean War. After the war had started, however, they gave it their sincere support. In 1856, shortly before the end of the war, the queen established the Victoria Cross, the highest British award for wartime courage. In 1857, Victoria had the title of prince associate granted on Albert. Four years later he died, and she remained in implied grieving for much of the rest of her life. She avoided common appearances, letting the prince of Wales accomplish most of the royal ritualistic duties. Her detailed personal interest in the affairs of state protracted, however. Reign After 1861 Several prime ministers served during the latter part of Victoria's reign, but only the Conservative Party leader Benjamin Disraeli, who held office in 1868 and from 1874 to 1880, gained her confidence. He ingratiated himself with the queen by his skillful personal advance and his gift for compliments. He also allowed her a free hand in the awarding of church, army, and some political appointments. She fully affirmed his policy of strengthening and roaming the British Empire, and in 1876 Disraeli attained for her the title of empress of India. She seldom agreed with the brilliant leader of the Liberal Party, William E. Gladstone, who served as prime minister four times betwixt 1868 and 1894. Victoria unaccepted of the democratic reforms he distinct, such as abolishing the purchase of military commissions and legalizing trade unions, and his powerful intellectualized procedure of argument. She was also solidly opposed to his policy of home law for Ireland. The Conservative pilot Rober t Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of

Spelling Tips The Y to I Rule

Spelling Tips The Y to I Rule Spelling Tips: The Y to I Rule When a word ends in a vowel plus â€Å"-y,† it’s usually straightforward to modify it by adding a letter (or letters); adding â€Å"-ous,† for example, means â€Å"joy† becomes â€Å"joyous.† However, when a word ends in a consonant plus â€Å"y† things get more complicated, which can make spelling challenging. To ensure your written work is error-free, it helps to keep the y to i rule in mind. The Y to I Rule The basic rule is, for any word that ends in a consonant plus â€Å"-y,† change the â€Å"y† to â€Å"i† if adding a suffix or forming a plural. Plurals For plurals, simply change the â€Å"y† to an â€Å"-ies†: Singular Plural Story Stories Candy Candies Hippy Hippies First-Person Singular Past Tense Verbs Forming the first-person singular of a verb ending in a consonant plus â€Å"y† requires changing the â€Å"y† to â€Å"-ies,† while the past tense involves switching â€Å"y† for â€Å"-ied†: Verb First-Person Singular Past Tense Fry Fries Fried Apply Applies Applied Beautify Beautifies Beautified Comparatives Superlatives When an adjective ends in a consonant plus â€Å"-y,† forming a comparative or superlative involves changing the â€Å"y† to â€Å"-ier† and â€Å"-iest† respectively: Adjective Comparative Superlative Tiny Tinier Tiniest Jumpy Jumpier Jumpiest Thirsty Thirstier Thirstiest Forming Adverbs Modifying an adjective to make an adverb involves substituting the â€Å"y† for â€Å"-ily†: Adjective Adverb Happy Happily Lazy Lazily Flimsy Flimsily Exceptions The â€Å"y†-to-â€Å"i† rule doesn’t always work; some variations of â€Å"sly,† for example, can be spelled with either a â€Å"y† or an â€Å"i† (e.g., â€Å"slyest/sliest† and â€Å"slyer/slier†). Moreover, while changing â€Å"y† to â€Å"i† isn’t typically necessary when a word ends with a vowel plus â€Å"-y,† there are exceptions here too (such as modifying â€Å"day† to become â€Å"daily†). As such, although the y to i rule is a good guideline, it’s still important to double-check words if you’re not sure they’re spelled correctly.

44 Resume Writing Tips

44 Resume Writing Tips 44 Resume Writing Tips 44 Resume Writing Tips By Daniel Scocco Having a solid and effective resume can greatly improve your chances of landing that dream job. That is beyond discussion. How does one make sure that his resume is top notch and bullet proof, however? There are several websites with tips around the web, but most bring just a handful of them. We wanted to put them all together in a single place, and that is what you will find below: 44 resume writing tips. 1. Know the purpose of your resume Some people write a resume as if the purpose of the document was to land a job. As a result they end up with a really long and boring piece that makes them look like desperate job hunters. The objective of your resume is to land an interview, and the interview will land you the job (hopefully!). 2. Back up your qualities and strengths Instead of creating a long (and boring) list with all your qualities (e.g., disciplined, creative, problem solver) try to connect them with real life and work experiences. In other words, you need to back these qualities and strengths up, else it will appear that you are just trying to inflate things. 3. Make sure to use the right keywords Most companies (even smaller ones) are already using digital databases to search for candidates. This means that the HR department will run search queries based on specific keywords. Guess what, if your resume doesnt have the keywords related to the job you are applying for, you will be out even before the game starts. These keywords will usually be nouns. Check the job description and related job ads for a clue on what the employer might be looking for. You can read more about resume keywords on the article Tapping the Power of Keywords to Enhance Your Resumes Effectiveness. 4. Use effective titles Like it or not, employers will usually make a judgment about your resume in 5 seconds. Under this time frame the most important aspect will be the titles that you listed on the resume, so make sure they grab the attention. Try to be as descriptive as possible, giving the employer a good idea about the nature of your past work experiences. For example: Bad title: Accounting Good title: Management of A/R and A/P and Recordkeeping 5. Proofread it twice It would be difficult to emphasize the importance of proofreading your resume. One small typo and your chances of getting hired could slip. Proofreading it once is not enough, so do it twice, three times or as many as necessary. If you dont know how to proofread effectively, here are 8 tips that you can use, or use a grammar checker. 6. Use bullet points No employer will have the time (or patience) to read long paragraphs of text. Make sure, therefore, to use bullet points and short sentences to describe your experiences, educational background and professional objectives. 7. Where are you going? Including professional goals can help you by giving employers an idea of where you are going, and how you want to arrive there. You dont need to have a special section devoted to your professional objectives, but overall the resume must communicate it. The question of whether or not to highlight your career objectives on the resume is a polemic one among HR managers, so go with your feeling. If you decide to list them, make sure they are not generic. 8. Put the most important information first This point is valid both to the overall order of your resume, as well as to the individual sections. Most of the times your previous work experience will be the most important part of the resume, so put it at the top. When describing your experiences or skills, list the most important ones first. 9. Attention to the typography First of all make sure that your fonts are big enough. The smaller you should go is 11 points, but 12 is probably safer. Do not use capital letters all over the place, remember that your goal is to communicate a message as fast and as clearly as possible. Arial and Times are good choices. 10. Do not include no kidding information There are many people that like to include statements like Available for interview or References available upon request. If you are sending a resume to a company, it should be a given that you are available for an interview and that you will provide references if requested. Just avoid items that will make the employer think no kidding! 11. Explain the benefits of your skills Merely stating that you can do something will not catch the attention of the employer. If you manage to explain how it will benefit his company, and to connect it to tangible results, then you will greatly improve your chances. 12. Avoid negativity Do not include information that might sound negative in the eyes of the employer. This is valid both to your resume and to interviews. You dont need to include, for instance, things that you hated about your last company. 13. Achievements instead of responsibilities Resumes that include a long list of responsibilities included are plain boring, and not efficient in selling yourself. Instead of listing responsibilities, therefore, describe your professional achievements. 14. No pictures Sure, we know that you are good looking, but unless you are applying for a job where the physical traits are very important (e.g., modeling, acting and so on), and unless the employer specifically requested it, you should avoid attaching your picture to the resume. 15. Use numbers This tip is a complement to the 13th one. If you are going to describe your past professional achievements, it would be a good idea to make them as solid as possible. Numbers are your friends here. Dont merely mention that you increased the annual revenues of your division, say that you increased them by $100,000, by 78%, and so on. 16. One resume for each employer One of the most common mistakes that people make is to create a standard resume and send it to all the job openings that they can find. Sure it will save you time, but it will also greatly decrease the chances of landing an interview (so in reality it could even represent a waste of time). Tailor your resume for each employer. The same point applies to your cover letters. 17. Identify the problems of the employer A good starting point to tailor your resume for a specific employer is to identify what possible problems he might have at hand. Try to understand the market of the company you are applying for a job, and identify what kind of difficulties they might be going through. After that illustrate on your resume how you and your skills would help to solve those problems. 18. Avoid age discrimination It is illegal to discriminate people because of their age, but some employers do these considerations nonetheless. Why risk the trouble? Unless specifically requested, do not include your age on your resume. 19. You dont need to list all your work experiences If you have job experiences that you are not proud of, or that are not relevant to the current opportunity, you should just omit them. Mentioning that you used to sell hamburgers when you were 17 is probably not going to help you land that executive position. 20. Go with what you got If you never had any real working experience, just include your summer jobs or volunteer work. If you dont have a degree yet, mention the title and the estimated date for completion. As long as those points are relevant to the job in question, it does not matter if they are official or not. 21. Sell your fish Remember that you are trying to sell yourself. As long as you dont go over the edge, all the marketing efforts that you can put in your resume (in its content, design, delivery method and so on) will give you an advantage over the other candidates. 22. Dont include irrelevant information Irrelevant information such as political affiliation, religion and sexual preference will not help you. In fact it might even hurt your chances of landing an interview. Just skip it. 23. Use Mr. and Ms. if appropriate If you have a gender neutral name like Alex or Ryan make sure to include the Mr. or Ms. prefix, so that employers will not get confused about your gender. 24. No lies, please Seems like a no brainer, but you would be amused to discover the amount of people that lie in their resumes. Even small lies should be avoided. Apart from being wrong, most HR departments do background checks these days, and if you are buster it might ruin your credibility for good. 25. Keep the salary in mind The image you will create with your resume must match the salary and responsibility level that you are aiming for. 26. Analyze job ads You will find plenty of useful information on job ads. Analyze no only the ad that you will be applying for, but also those from companies on the same segment or offering related positions. You should be able to identify what profile they are looking for and how the information should be presented. 27. Get someone else to review your resume Even if you think you resume is looking kinky, it would be a good idea to get a second and third opinion about it. We usually become blind to our own mistakes or way of reasoning, so another people will be in a good position to evaluate the overall quality of your resume and make appropriate suggestions. 28. One or two pages The ideal length for a resume is a polemic subject. Most employers and recruiting specialists, however, say that it should contain one or two pages at maximum. Just keep in mind that, provided all the necessary information is there, the shorter your resume, the better. 29. Use action verbs A very common advice to job seekers is to use action verbs. But what are they? Action verbs are basically verbs that will get noticed more easily, and that will clearly communicate what your experience or achievement were. Examples include managed, coached, enforced and planned. Here you can find a complete list of action verbs divided by skill category. 30. Use a good printer If you are going to use a paper version of your resume, make sure to use a decent printer. Laser printers usually get the job done. Plain white paper is the preferred one as well. 31. No hobbies Unless you are 100% sure that some of your hobbies will support you candidacy, avoid mentioning them. I know you are proud of your swimming team, but share it with your friends and not with potential employers. 32. Update your resume regularly It is a good idea to update your resume on a regular basis. Add all the new information that you think is relevant, as well as courses, training programs and other academic qualifications that you might receive along the way. This is the best way to keep track of everything and to make sure that you will not end up sending an obsolete document to the employer. 33. Mention who you worked with If you have reported or worked with someone that is well known in your industry, it could be a good idea to mention it on the resume. The same thing applies to presidents and CEOs. If you reported to or worked directly with highly ranked executives, add it to the resume. 34. No scattered information Your resume must have a clear focus. If would cause a negative impression if you mentioned that one year you were studying drama, and the next you were working as an accountant. Make sure that all the information you will include will work towards a unified image. Employers like decided people. 35. Make the design flow with white space Do not jam your resume with text. Sure we said that you should make your resume as short and concise as possible, but that refers to the overall amount of information and not to how much text you can pack in a single sheet of paper. White space between the words, lines and paragraphs can improve the legibility of your resume. 36. Lists all your positions If you have worked a long time for the same company (over 10 years) it could be a good idea to list all the different positions and roles that you had during this time separately. You probably had different responsibilities and developed different skills on each role, so the employer will like to know it. 37. No jargon or slang It should be common sense, but believe me, it is not. Slang should never be present in a resume. As for technical jargon, do not assume that the employer will know what you are talking about. Even if you are sending your resume to a company in the same segment, the person who will read it for the first time might not have any technical expertise. 38. Careful with sample resume templates There are many websites that offer free resume templates. While they can help you to get an idea of what you are looking for, do not just copy and paste one of the most used ones. You certainly dont want to look just like any other candidate, do you? 39. Create an email proof formatting It is very likely that you will end up sending your resume via email to most companies. Apart from having a Word document ready to go as an attachment, you should also have a text version of your resume that does not look disfigured in the body of the email or in online forms. Attachments might get blocked by spam filters, and many people just prefer having the resume on the body of the email itself. 40. Remove your older work experiences If you have been working for 20 years or more, there is no need to have 2 pages of your resume listing all your work experiences, starting with the job at the local coffee shop at the age of 17! Most experts agree that the last 15 years of your career are enough. 41. No fancy design details Do not use a colored background, fancy fonts or images on your resume. Sure, you might think that the little flowers will cheer up the document, but other people might just throw it away at the sight. 42. No pronouns You resume should not contain the pronouns I or me. That is how we normally structure sentences, but since your resume is a document about your person, using these pronouns is actually redundant. 43. Dont forget the basics The first thing on your resume should be your name. It should be bold and with a larger font than the rest of the text. Make sure that your contact details are clearly listed. Secondly, both the name and contact details should be included on all the pages of the resume (if you have more than one). 44. Consider getting professional help If you are having a hard time to create your resume, or if you are receiving no response whatsoever from companies, you could consider hiring a professional resume writing service. There are both local and online options are available, and usually the investment will be worth the money. 45. Leverage online tools to write your resume You can find several tools online that will remove part of the burden and complexity of writing the perfect resume. Some of them will give you a starting template, others will help with the formatting and so on. You can find suggestions for 10 tools and resources on this post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Cannot or Can Not?The Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

International developments in accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International developments in accounting - Essay Example The historical development of accounting in India can be mainly traced along three period viz. before the colonial era, during the colonial era and in the postcolonial period. Pre-colonial period in India dates back to the time of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa civilizations where the functions of commerce and trade started flourishing on a gradual scale. In these periods the accounting practice depended on a system of bookkeeping originally prevalent in Greece. Further documentary evidence of historical accounting systems can be found in the Smritis, which contained rules, and regulations of partnership dealings. With the emergence of the Chandragupta Empire the practice of accounting system earned huge focus with the works of Kautilya or Chanakya. Kautilya developed the treatise of ‘Arthashastra’, which depicted the different rules, regulations, and ethical conducts of accounting practices. However with the emergence of the British colonialists, India started becoming the ho me ground for rapid industrialization wherein the accounting systems became more scientifically treated to meet the complex industrial and trade demands (Hopwood & Chapman, 2008, pp.1399-1400). Colonial and post-colonial India became filled by many small groups of industries, which generally maintained records based on conservative and traditional practices. These industries generally did not feel the urge to maintain large sets of accounting records for business purposes and thus relied on traditional practices like ‘Single Entry Book Keeping’ (Mukherjee & Hanif, 2003, p.22.1). Traditional Accounting Systems in India The accounting systems in use in India during the traditional period were systematic and laid main focus on the receipt and payment system. Furthermore the practice of accounting was not conducted in an isolated manner but served a continuity of different periods. The period for which the accounts were developed varied along daily, weekly, bi-weekly, month ly or for annual periods. However in such systems the monetary transactions were not carried forward from one period to another. Separate heads were created for different nature of accounts maintained and strict governance was maintained depending on timing deadlines. Further for each of the separate transactions conducted a written record was mandatorily maintained which was produced on request. The person responsible for the keeping and maintenance of such accounting records also conducted separate audits to verify their authenticity (Sarkar, 2003, p.248). The practice of accountancy in Indian context can also be studied along the system of bookkeepings, which were prevalent in the accounting practices. The system of bookkeeping refers to the style of maintaining and recording of financial transactions under the separate books of accounts. Book keeping systems maintained in the Indian context contained of four different types of practices viz. Cash, Single Entry, Indian and Double Entry. The ‘Cash System’ of maintaining records of financial transactions is carried out in those concerns where sales and purchases are conducted only on the basis of cash. Here in case of credit transactions they are accounted at later periods when met in cash. Moreover the ‘Cash System’ of financial book keeping also depended on the maintaining of revenue and expenditure accounts to check the position of

Why are ethical considerations important in contermporary social Essay

Why are ethical considerations important in contermporary social research - Essay Example This essay will attempt to give explanations as to why ethical considerations are important in contemporary social research. In the ethical guidelines from the Social Research Association (2003), a social scientist has a sense of obligation to certain key stakeholders of the research they are undertaking. This means that the social scientist must fulfill these obligations. They include an obligation to the society in which the research is taking place. A researcher has to ensure that information collection is done under scientific methods and without subjectivity that the researcher may feel towards the society. The second obligation is to the sponsors or employers of the researcher, where the researcher is required to ensure that the relationship is well defined and do not influence the findings of the research being undertaken. The third obligations fall to the colleagues in the field of the social research. This duty is fulfilled by the researcher ensuring that high standards of collection of data and analysis are maintained for the benefit of all researchers who are involved in the field. This promote s trust in the research findings because of the high level of professionalism. The fourth obligation is to the subjects that will take part in the research the e4thical consideration dictates that the subjects should be made aware of all that entails being part of the particular research. This information is necessary so that the subjects can be able to make informed decisions about their participation. Following the broad aspect of ethical guidelines stated above, it is clear that for a contemporary social research to be undertaken, there are a couple of things that need to be fulfilled to ensure that the findings are not tainted in anyway by using un-scientific methods. These are the ethical considerations that need to

French Revolution Essay Example for Free

French Revolution Essay I hold it, that a little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical. Thomas JeffersonPolitical rebellion takes place when the people of a country feel it is essential that a change in government is made. Different nations have different ideas about the responsibilities of government, and as a result there are many possible reasons for political rebellion. John Locke, an English medical doctor and philosopher who lived until 1704, published his liberal theories about government, property, and the rights of man, in his book Second Treatise of Government. Edmund Burke, a writer with a legal background who spent his life involved in English politics, published his opinions about revolution in 1790 in his book Reflections on the Revolution in France. Both Locke and Burke support political rebellion, but Lockes belief that politics are based upon abstract natural rights drives his support for the complete dissolution of government in the event of rebellion, while Burkes belief that rights and morals are derived from the conventions of society makes his support for rebellion more reserved and conditional. This comparison is significant to any individuals considering revolution as a means of changing government. The outcomes of rebellion can depend on the underlying beliefs driving it, and both writers positions are useful to establish the underlying reasons for revolution, and some of the risks involved depending on the extent of the change. Locke believes that before we form civil society by consenting to establish government, we live in a State of Nature. He describes this pre-political state as,a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending on the will of any other man. (Locke, 1980, p. 81)The State of Nature is ruled essentially by human nature. Liberty, equality, self preservation, reason, and property are the most prominent principles that Locke feels are innate to humans. Locke explains how nature intended for all men to be equal,creatures of the same species and rank, promiscuously born to all the same advantages of nature, and the use of the same facilities should be equal amongst another (Locke, 1980, p. 8)Locke comes to the conclusion that humans are self preserving in the State of Nature, through his observations that we are attracted to pleasure and have aversions to pain. He believes that God gives us these attractions and aversions that preserve us, because we are essentially all the property of God. This limits the perfect freedom present in the State of Nature. Since we belong to God, we do not have the liberty to destroy ourselves. Although we are not all born with property (except through inheritance which Locke fully supports) the ability to acquire property is present in the State of Nature, for it is attained by our labor and resources. Our self preserving instinct produces a great desire among us to protect property that we have attained, therefore measures taken to protect our property are considered just. Since government does not exist in this state, individuals have the right to uphold the law. Locke believes that any individual, who breaks the laws of nature, proves that he is not ruled by reason and equality, as the rest of the inhabitants in the state are. Breaking the law can be defined as doing harm to innocent others, this includes stealing property or acts of physical harm. These offenders are dangerous to mankind, and their peers must invoke punishment, every man hath a right to punish the offender, and be the executioner of the law of nature. (Locke, 1980, p. 10)Punishment in the State of Nature takes on two distinct forms: reparation and restraint. Only the victim of the crime committed is entitled to reparation, to compensate for the damage he has received. Restraint is the method used to ensure that the crime will not be committed again, usually by causing repent. Since there is no judge to decide to what extent offenders should be punished, it becomes a decision based on the instinct and reason of the individuals involved. Locke outlines some details about invoking punishment to make this individual license more clear, every man, in the State of Nature, has a power to kill a murderer, both to deter others from doing the like injury, which no reparation can compensate, and also to secure men from the attempts of a criminal, who having renounced reason, the common rule god hath given to mankind, hath, by the unjust violence and slaughter he hath committed upon one, declared war against all mankind (Locke, 1980, p. 11) While Locke gives complex details about this theoretical pre-political state, Edmund Burke does not believe it exists at all. Burke believes that we are born into civil society, and that the qualities Locke describes in the State of Nature, are not innate, but are derived from societal institutions. for I have in my contemplation the civil social man, and no other. (Burke, 1987, p. 522) Since our rights develop from experience, compromise, convention, and reason (which is learned) natural and abstract rights do not exist in a universal sense. Burke believes that such abstract ideas about natural rights are too simple to fit into the real world, and if something were true, it would have to possess the ability to be contextualized. in the gross and complicated mass of human passions and concerns, the primitive rights of men undergo such a variety of refractions and reflections that it becomes absurd to talk of them as if they continued in the simplicity of their original direction. The nature of man is intricate; the objects of society are of the greatest possible complexity; and therefore no simple disposition of direction of power can be suitable wither to mans nature or to the quality of his affairs. (Ayling, 1988, p. 210)Burke also fears that abstract rights, expressed by philosophers such as John Locke, place too much emphasis on individualism, restricting essential human affections. Burke believes that affections preserve society; for it is the respect, love, and admiration of the past, those around us, and those who are not yet born that solidifies traditions and institutions. On the scheme of this barbarous philosophy laws are to be supported only by their own terrors and by the concern which each individual may find in them from his private speculations or can spare to them from his own interests our institutions can never be embodied, if I may use the expression in persons, so as to create in us love, veneration, admiration, or attachment. But that sort of reason which banishes the affections is incapable of taking their place. (Burke, 1987, p.68) Burke does believe that we posses liberties, but that they are flexible and particular to each society. These liberties are exercised through societal institutions, so if the institutions are erased then so are our liberties. In the following quote, Burke explains his conception of the rights of man, by listing rights that are specifically satisfied by institutions such as law courts, hospitals, and educational facilities. Men have a right to do justice they have a right to the fruits of their industry, and to the means of making their industry fruitful. They have a right to the acquisitions of their parents; to the nourishment and improvement of their offspring; to instruction in life, and consolation in death. (Burke, 1987, p. 51)Burke and Locke agree that humans have a need for government. Locke explains chaotic anarchy as the dark time in the State of Nature, the tragedy of the commons. This situation occurs after currency has been created in the State of Nature, leaving individuals free to accumulate money. The demise of the golden age (the era of harmony) is brought about by property disputes, greed, and insecurity. When the inhabitants of the State of Nature realize that they will not be able to cure the inconveniences of the state (the insecurity of property and inability to settle disputes due to lack of impartial judges) they realize the need for government and learn a system of political rationality. Burke uses the example of the French revolution to illustrate the need for organized government. He believes that the state is an organic body; it can be adjusted but if it is destroyed total chaos is likely to result. Although the French attempted to set up new governments such as the National Assembly and later the National Convention, they were short lived and unstable. The French revolution brought about periods of anarchy, a state of a suspended constitution, overturned laws, destabilized economy, and the closing of essential institutions. The violent era known as the Reign of Terror is certainly comparable to Lockes tragedy of the commons. When Napoleons Coup detat took place in 1799, the French people were desperate for an organized government to bring an end to the terror and re-build their society. Locke stresses the importance of the social contract that occurs during the transition from the tragedy of the commons to civil society. Political power is manifested peacefully by a voluntary agreement between the people and the sovereign or ruling body. Burke does not acknowledge this specific moment of consent that Locke professes, but Burke values a consent of a more tacit nature. Burke attributes given consent far back in history, At some time or another all the beginners of dynasties were chosen by those who called them to govern. (Burke, 1987, p. 13) and he implies that consent to the government is inherited though generations. we transmit our government and our privileges in what we improve we are never wholly new; in what we retain we are never wholly obsolete adhering in this manner and on those principles of our forefathers In this choice of inheritance we have given to our frame of polity the image of a relation in blood, binding up the constitution of our country with the dearest domestic ties, adopting our fundamental laws in to the bosom of our family affections, keeping inseparable and cherishing with the warmth of all their combined and mutually reflected charities our state, our hearths, our sepulchres, and our alters. (Burke, 1987, p. 30)Burke might say that by being born under any government, we are naturally subjects to it since we inherit the choices of our forefathers. Locke disagrees with this, taking into account that children can not be completely free, yet he still insists that there is a specific time in each persons life where they must give consent to the government in order to become part of the body politic. a child is born a subject of no country or government. He is under his fathers tuition and authority, till he comes to the age of discretion; and then he is a free man, at liberty what government will he put himself under, what body politic he will unite himself to (Locke, 1980, p. 63)Property is sacred to both writers. Locke and Burke agree that the main function of government is for the protection of our property. The government is also responsible for protection from external attack and from each other. Locke speaks of why men give up some of their natural liberties, such as punishing offenders, to the government, for the mutual preservation of their lives, liberties, and estates, which I call by the general name property. (Locke, 1980, p. 66) Burke also defends property as an important liberty, it is the property of the citizen, and not to the demands of the creditor of the state, that first and original faith of civil society is pledged. (Burke, 1987, p. 94) Locke believes that government, the protector of our property, has no right to confiscate it, The supreme power cannot take from any man any part of his property without his own consent: for the preservation of property being the end of government (Locke, 1980, p. 73) And Burke agrees with him by expressing his distaste for the massive amounts of church property that were confiscated by the National Assembly in the French Revolution. we do not approve your confiscation of the revenues of bishops, and deans It is in the principle of injustice that the danger lies (Burke, 1987, p. 133) He explains how the governments violation of property rights can lead to failure of government by angering the people. if governments provide for debts by heavy impositions, they perish by becoming odious to the people. (Burke, 1987, p.136) Tyranny is condemned by both Locke and Burke. Both support a system with a division of power in the he government. When a government has power divided into different bodies it is forced to be held responsible for decisions made to the other branches of government, and to the body politic. This system of checks and balances makes arbitrary rule unlikely to occur. Citizens feel more secure and protected form the government, and since they are given a chance to assert their concerns (for example, Englands House of Commons) drastic action like revolution becomes unnecessary. Revolution to Locke means the dissolution of the government in power. The citizens then return to the State of Nature until they choose to give consent to create a new government. He supports revolution in two possible instances he describes the first, governments are dissolved, when the legislative, or the prince, either of them, act contrary to their trust. (Locke, 1980, p. 111) Locke gives examples of the government breaking the trust of the body politic as tyranny, usurpation, or the violation of the social contract that was established between the people and the government when civil society was formed. This social contract enabled the government to have power, and the people agreed to obey the laws in return for government protection of property and rights. The second instance in which rebellion is likely to occur is,When so ever the legislative put into the hands of any other, an absolute power over the lives, liberties, and estates of the people; by this breach of trust they forfeit the power the people had put into their hands and it devolves to the people, who have a right to resume their original liberty (Locke, 1980, p.111) Since the social contract that created the government commits the people only to the government they have chosen to lift them from the tragedy of the commons, the government does not posses the right to forfeit the body politic to another power by conquest. It is the responsibility of the government that was peacefully formed to protect the people from the conquest of arbitrary outside powers. To Edmund Burke, revolution is the last resort to be used as a solution to a problem with the ruling body. The line of demarcation where obedience ought to end and resistance must begin is faint, obscure, and not easily definable. It is not a single act, or a single event, which determines it. Governments must be abused and deranged, indeed, before it can be thought of; and the prospect of the future must be as bad as the experience of the past. (Burke, 1987, p. 27)His opinions differ from Lockes regarding the way that effective revolution should initiate change. Burke agrees that the government should be responsible for protecting its citizens, however in the event that the government breaks this trust we do not return to our natural liberty, as Locke believes. Burke finds this return to natural liberty impossible, not only because of his disbelief in the existence of the State of Nature, but also because Burke flatly denies the peoples right to form government for them. He believes that we inherit liberties and government from our previous generations, and government contains more wisdom, captured through the state institutions, than one human is ever capable of possessing. He speaks of England, our constitution preserves a unity in a so great a diversity of its parts. We have an inheritable crown, and inheritable peerage, and a House of Commons and a people inheriting privileges, franchises, and liberties form a long line of ancestors A spirit of innovation is generally the result of a selfish temper and confined views. People will not look forward to posterity who never looks backward to their ancestors. (Burke, 1987, p. 29)Burke believes that completely dissolving government and starting over with a blank slate is bound to fail, because a blank slate leaves no elements to form ideologies from, and is ignorant to the trials and errors of past governments. He uses the French revolution as an example, you chose to act as if you had never been molded into civil society and had everything to begin anew. You began ill, because you began by despising everything that belonged to you. You set up trade without a capital Respecting your forefathers, you would have been taught to respect yourselves. (Burke, 1987, p. 31)To clarify his expectations about successful and justified revolutions burke uses the example of the Glorious revolution of England in 1688. King James the Second was a Catholic king. He was accused of not representing the interests of the majority, since England was primarily of Protestant religion, and the King showed favoritism to Catholics. Burke explains the accusations against the King as,They who led the revolution grounded the virtual abdication of King James upon no light and uncertain principle. They charged him with nothing less than a design, confirmed by a multitude of illegal acts, to subvert the Protestant church and state, and their fundamental, unquestionable laws and liberties; they charged him with having broken the original contract between king and people. (Burke, 1987, p. 24)Burke admires this revolution because it was bloodless reform as opposed to violent rebellion. However, he admits that violence can be used to achieve change in government but only if absolutely necessary. In England it had become obvious that a change was needed in the government, and the people took only the necessary actions to complete the change and return the country to normal. King James abdicated the throne, and was replaced by a Protestant king. An irregular convulsive movement maybe necessary to throw off an irregular convulsive disease (Burke, 1987, p.22) the glorious revolution made great improvements in English government. Burke approves of the fact that the revolution did not begin until the leaders had accumulated evidence and facts that the King was irresponsible. The spirit of the revolution was not to dissolve society and begin anew, but had a more realistic spirit of eliminating the specific problem in the government while preserving societal institutions. they regenerated the deficient part of the old constitution through the parts that were not impaired. (Burke, 1987, p.19). This type of revolution provided stability for the English people; their rights were re-asserted in Declaration of Right, and the government was made more responsible to the people. They secured soon after the frequent meetings of parliament, by which the whole government would be under constant inspection and active control of the popular representatives and of the magistrates of the kingdom. (Burke, 1987, p. 24) Burke contrasts this example of effective revolution with The French revolution of 1789, which he believed was ill spirited and caused further problems in French society. He feels that the French did not have just cause to rebel,The French rebel against a mild and lawful monarch with more fury, outrage, and insult than ever any people has been known to rise against the most illegal usurper or the most sanguinary tyrant. Their resistance was made to concession, their revolt was from protection, and their blow was aimed at a hand holding out graces, favors, and immunities. (Burke, 1987, p. 34)Burke feels that their cause for revolution was unreasonable and foolish, rash and ignorant counsel in a time of profound peace. (Burke, 1987, p. 34) The National Assembly, the government created upon the execution of the King of France, had the potential to become tyrannous. Burke believes that since the assembly had been created form a blank slate it was a danger to society. That assembly, since the destruction of the orders, has no fundamental law, no strict convention, no respected usage to restrain it. Instead of finding themselves obliged to conform to a fixed constitution, they have a power to make a constitution which shall conform to their designs. Nothing in heave or earth can serve as a control on them. (Burke, 1987, p. 39)Locke feels that people will impose restraints of power on their government as they see fit. He fully supports the division of powers, and believes that tyranny is a worse state for society to be in than the tragedy of the commons. The reason behind this being that a tyrannical government may force its citizens to live a life without liberties, but the tragedy of the commons although a dark and unstable time, is a time without government, where each man has natural liberties by the law of nature. One of the commonly known reasons that the French people rebelled against their monarch, was because of the poor economy. However, Burke makes it clear that a poorly planned revolution can bring worse times than those of the past. They have found their punishment in their success: laws overturned; tribunals subverted; industry without vigor; commerce expiring; the revenue unpaid, yet the people impoverished; a church pillaged, and a state not relieved; civil and military anarchy made the constitution of the kingdom; everything human and divine sacrificed to the idol of public credit, and national bankruptcy the consequence (Burke, 1987, p. 34)People who are dissatisfied with their government, and considering revolution as a means of change must take both Burkes and Lockes positions into account. The individuals must define the rights that they feel entitled to, and decided if the government and society can reform to assert these rights. If they find revolution to be necessary, these individuals must decide what type of political situation would embody these rights through institutions and government actions. Both Burke and Locke see a need for revolution when government is ineffectual. However, they differ in opinion on how and when revolution should take place, because of their beliefs on what society is like without established government. Locke feels that the peoples return to the State of Nature is a chance to build a new civil society when they see fit, based on their desire to have their natural rights protected. Burke believes that there is no State of Nature for us to return to, escaping civil society is not possible. In order to preserve the lives of the people and the establishments that have been built by past governments, the government must be reformed rather than abolished. Thus summing it up I would say that the reflection of the ideas of Burke and Locke can definitely be seen today especially in democratic form of governments like our India. Both Burke and Locke talk on the aspects of Liberty, equality, self preservation, reason, and property. They believe that these aspects are a must for governments in order to sustain continuity and thus we do see all these aspects in a modern democratic system of a government. Burke and Locke believe that revolution is not the correct method to achieve things in a democracy. They say that governments shouldnt be thrown out by means of a revolution. Revolution to them is merely a way of bringing about a change in government by exercising out rights and privileges that the democratic government system offers to us and not by dissolving a government by means of revolution as per the meaning during the 17th century. Therefore Burke and Lockes ideas fit very well for new emerging, growing and existing democratic systems of government today and must be reviewed upon before taking extremist decisions like abolishing a government completely. And thus I see their ideas and views on revolution did have immense influence during the period they lived in and the importance of ideas and views of Burkes and Lockes continue to be of immense importance to governments today and tomorrow. BibliographyAyling, S. (1988). Edmund Burke: His life and opinions. New York: St. MartinsBurke, E. (1987). Reflections on the revolution in France. (reprint) Indianapolis: HackettLocke, J. (1980). Second treatise of government. (reprint) Indianapolis: Hackett.

Procrastination: Should I Do it now, or wait till later? :: essays research papers

Should I do it now or wait till later?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every person has their own style or way they accomplish doing work. Many feel the need to begin working on an assignment right when they get it. While others procrastinate and do not complete the assignment until right before it is due. There are many different attitudes that one may have when dealing with work. Everyone accomplishes work in their own way. Many feel the need to do their work right away, while some procrastinate to finish their work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While looking at the way a person completes their work, there is the issue of revision. Some may believe that if one does their work right away, there is a higher quality of revision, resulting in higher quality work. This may be thought true because it gives the person more time to look over their work and revise it. Also, it allows one extra time to get help with the structure of their paper, project, presentation, etc. Even though all these points may be seemingly true, many people wait until the last minute to complete their work. Procrastination is seen most when revising work. People often miss mistakes that they might have seen if they had not procrastinated. When cutting the time, people often rush and make many mistakes that they would not have if they had the proper time. While revising, they still have fresh in their mind what the project or paper should look like, and see it how they think it should be. This in turn, makes them miss mistakes they might have seen if they had the appropriate amount of time to properly revise. Many argue the issue of the quality of work when comparing those who do things right away and those who procrastinate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another issue with doing your work right away versus procrastinating is the availability of needed resources. When beginning your work right away, you have time to schedule out where and when you need to go to get the appropriate resources. The worker has time to plan out when to go when things are open, order any supplies needed, or schedule any interviews. Beginning your work right away allows the worker to get all the necessary resources, in order to produce the best work that he or she can. Procrastinating shortens the amount of time that one can get their necessary resources. If the worker waits till the last minute, they might not be aware of all the parts needed for their assignment.

Mine safety and environmental health challenges

1. Sketch some of the cardinal wellness and safety challenges that is faced by a excavation company you are familiar with.The industry has experienced both high effect low frequence events ( catastrophes such as Moura and Gretley ) every bit good as low frequence high events ( such as faux pass, strains and falls ) contribute to the industry ‘s high lost clip hurt rate ( LTIR ) . It has besides had its portion of occupational diseases. Historically, pneumonocosis ( lung disease caused by inspiration of mineral dust ) , asbestosis and mesothelioma have been cardinal countries of concern. Noise, quiver and weariness are issues of important wellness concerns. The direction and control of major jeopardies associated with structural prostrations, fires and detonations are cardinal safety issues of the twenty-four hours.Moura:During the past 40 old ages at that place have been three mining catastrophes in the Moura territory at a cost of 36 lives.The first occurred at Kianga Mine on 20 September 1975. Thirteen mineworkers died from an detonation which was found to hold been initiated by self-generated burning. The mine was sealed and the organic structures of the work forces were ne'er recovered.The 2nd occurred on 16 July 1986 at Moura No 4 Mine when 12 mineworkers died from an detonation idea to hold been initiated by one of two possible beginnings, viz. frictional ignition or a flame safety lamp. The organic structures of the mineworkers, in this instance, were recovered.The tierce of the catastrophes occurred on 7 August 1994 at Moura No 2 Mine. On this juncture eleven mineworkers died as a consequence of an detonation. The mine was sealed and, at this clip, the organic structures have non been recovered.2. What is the model of the mine safety statute law in your state/country?Since Australia is a federation of provinces, each province sets out its ain Torahs, which include its ain regulative criterions for occupational wellness and safety. At get downing, each province was separate and used the old wellness codifications ( i.e. , statute law ) and criterions from the British system. This system relied to a great extent upon really specific ( i.e. , Numberss based ) system which was easy to implement and simple to understand. However jobs ensured as clip and engineering progressed which led to the wellness and safety reform that began in 1972.The Current Framework for Mine Safety in Australia in 3 ways:Regulations under a general OHS Act ( VIC/SA/TAS/NT )In separate Mine Safety Acts and Regulations ( WA/QLD )In separate mine Safety Act and Regulations Subordinate to a general OHS Act ( NSW )Since Victoria is my province, the undermentioned legalization will be used under 3 chief classs given as below.Dangerous Goods ActEnvironment Protection ACTOccupational Health and Safety Regulationsa ) As per Occupational Health and Safety Regulations:Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004. Act No. 107/2004: Enabling act. Sets out the cardinal ru les, responsibilities and rights in relation to occupational wellness and safety ( OHS ) . Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007, Statutory Rule No. 54/2007: Specifies the manner in which a responsibility imposed by the OHS Act must be performed, or prescribe procedural or administrative affairs to back up the OHS Act ( eg requiring licenses for specific activities, the maintaining of records or giving notice ) . WorkSafe Positions: Are guidelines made under subdivision 12 of the OHS Act that province how WorkSafe will use the OHS Act or Regulations or exert discretion under a proviso of the OHS Act or Regulations. WorkSafe Positions are intended to supply certainty to duty holders and other affected partiesB ) As per Environment Protection ACT:Version No. 171, Environment Protection Act 1970, No. 8056 of 1970, Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2010. This sets out the cardinal rules, responsibilities and rights in relation to Environment Protection Act. degree Celsius ) As per Dangerous Goods Act: This sets out the cardinal rules, responsibilities and rights in relation to Dangerous Goods Act. But here separately they all made for single classs as mentioned. Version No. 081 Dangerous Goods Act 1985 No. 10189 of 1985 Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2010 Version No. 003 Dangerous Goods ( HCDG ) Regulations 2005 S.R. No. 96/2005 Version as at 14 March 2008 Version No. 005 Dangerous Goods ( Storage and Handling ) Regulations 2000 S.R. No. 127/2000 Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2009 Version No. 001 Dangerous Goods ( Transport by Road or Rail ) Regulations 2008 S.R. No. 166/2008 Version as at 1 January 2009 Version No. 013 Dangerous Goods ( Explosives ) Regulations 2000 S.R. No. 61/2000 Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 20093. Robens suggested two cardinal issues were of import in accomplishing high criterions of safety.What are these two key issue?Where in the Act ( or ordinance ) are these two issues addressed in themine safety statute law of your state/country?In 1972, the British Robens study sought to modify the old codifications of pattern utilizing two base principals.The first rule recognised the demand to unite all the difference OHS Torahs under one system. It was proposed that this would be accomplished by making â€Å"general duties† into one opinion ( Robens Report, para 41 ) .The 2nd rule observed that a ego ordinance theoretical account be implemented where workers and decision makers ‘come together ‘ in order addition the criterions of wellness and safety ( Robens Report, para 41 ) .The Federal Government in 1985 passed statute law to organize the so National Occupational Health and Safety Commission ( NOHSC ) ; though , because Australia is a federation, each state/territory has to sign federal statute law in order to for the committee ( NOHSC ) to be apart of the Commonwealth and hence have any legal evidences. Each province reformed OHS Torahs, based on the Robens theoretical account and beyond. In fact, the OHS operates in a three manner system. The first is the general responsibilities which cover all employees irrespective of occupation position ( Internet Explorer, contracted or non ) and require the employee as practically possible to guarantee a safe working environment. The 2nd are the â€Å"provisions in regulations† are compulsory Torahs that are specific to each province. Finally, codifications of pattern are used as counsel which set the criterions for the general responsibility of attention. These aid in puting criterions the responsibility holder is required to place the jeopardies and buttocks and control hazards and hence helps Robens 2nd rule nevertheless there remains some critical spreads.4. What is the chief end of industrial hygiene?List the four key processes that play a function in accomplishing this end.Main end of Industrial hygiene is risk decrease and/or hazard riddance wherever possible.AnticipationRecognitionEvaluationControl of workplace e nvironmental jeopardiesSpecify the undermentioned footingsHazardHazardHazard directionHazard AppraisalProbabilityFrequencyBadnessDoseTLV-TWATLV-STELHazard: A jeopardy is any ‘thing ‘ that may do injury or hurt to a individual or belongings. Besides this is the potency of any agent or substances to do injury, normally ill-health or disease.B ) Hazard: The hazard tells how likely an accident ( An accident is any unexpected or unintended event that may do injury or hurt to a individual or belongings ) will do injury or hurt to a individual or belongings. Hazard is a map of the type of jeopardy times the sum of exposure ( Risk = Hazard x Exposure )Hazards direction: The procedure of ordaining general responsibilities of attention in order to extinguish, replacement, or cut down the likeliness of an accident ( i.e. hazard ) through technology or administrative solutions, or through using personal protection equipment ( PPE ) .Hazard Appraisal: Hazard Assessment is the procedu re by which a particular hazard is quantified or qualified in order to understand how to pull off a specific jeopardy. It is based upon the consequence that a specific jeopardy may hold, the magnitude of the jeopardy ( I, e, how terrible it may be ) , and the continuance that the jeopardy may impact a individual or belongings. The hazard appraisal helps determine how a jeopardy may be managed and how a hazard may be controlled.Probability: the likeliness for an event to happen. One of the factors that serves as the dependent variable for hazard ( I.e. Risk=Probability * Severity ) orIt is a manner of showing cognition or belief that an event will happen or has occurred. In mathematics the construct has been given an exact significance in chance theory, that is used extensively in such countries of survey as mathematics, statistics, finance, gaming, scientific discipline, and doctrine to pull decisions about the likeliness of possible events and the implicit in mechanics of complex s ystems. degree Fahrenheit ) Frequency: Frequency is the rate at which a individual may come into contact with a jeopardy over a defined length of clip. Or The figure of times that a periodic map repeats the same sequence of values during a unit fluctuation of the independent variableBadness: Badness is the magnitude, or strength, with which a risky substance is exposed to a individual. It is the dimension for sorting earnestness for Technical support issues.Dose: Is the sum of the jeopardy which we are exposed. It is defined by the concentration of the risky substance times the length of clip a individual is exposed.Dose is the construct of dosage is paramount for occupational hygiene and hazard direction. Dose refers to the sum of a substance to which we are exposed, and is a combination of the concentration of exposure and continuance of exposure. Dose= concentration*duration of exposureI ) TLV-TWA:TLV values by and large refer to a national exposure criterion for a jeopardy ( i.e. chemical, dust, or radiation ) . It is a agency of quantifying the maximal concentrations of a peculiar substance in an country over a specified length of clip, and so using it as a criterion for wellness and safety inspectors and responsibility bearers to utilize as a manner of measuring hazard. TWA is an acronym for clip leaden norm. In this instance, the continuance of contaminant exposure is expressed over an eight hr working twenty-four hours and a five twenty-four hours working hebdomad. In this manner, this exposure criterion incorporates the upper limit and minimal exposure rates a individual experiences during a regular on the job twenty-four hours. The accent of an exposure free clip is implicitly involved ( as would be the instance for noise ) so that certain organic structure thresholds are non passed.J ) TLV-STEL:STEL is an acronym for short term exposure bound. For some substances, a short term exposure criterion is needed since ague and chronic wellness affects may ensue. Alternatively of an eight hr twenty-four hours, this exposure criterion is step over no more than 15 proceedingss.6. Whatare the chief airborne contaminants/pollutants that can do health-related jobs at mine sites?The Dust and particulates ( arsenic, lead, quicksilver and etc ) ;The Toxic gase s ( C monoxide, sulfur dioxide and etc ) ;The Carcinogens ( asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, and etc ) ;The Flammable gases ( methane and C dioxide and etc ) ;The Radiation toxicant ( radon, U, Th and etc ) ;The Mixture of viruses and bacteriums.7. For a peculiar legal legal power ( state/country ) what are the legal demands for the concentration of the followers in the general organic structure of airing air flow ( maximal or lower limit ) ?Harmonizing to the HSISa ) Oxygen Pure O: no limitations Oxygen diflouride: TWA=.05 ppm B ) Methane ( as a gas ) Pure methane: TWA=0, STEL=0 Bromomethane: 5ppm STEL=0 degree Celsiuss ) Carbon dioxide In coal mines: TWA= 12,500 ppm STEL= 30000 ppm Regular: TWA= 5000 ppm STEL= 30,000 ppm vitamin D ) Carbon monoxide: TWA= 30 ppm STEL=0 vitamin E ) Hydrogen sulfide: TWA= 10 ppm STEL= 15ppm degree Fahrenheit ) Respirable dust ( no silicon oxide ) Coal Dust: TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0 Soapstone: TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0 Vanadium: TWA = 0.05 mg/ M3 STEL=0 Graphite: TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0 g ) Respirable dust ( with silicon oxide ) : TWA= 2 mg/m3 H ) Oxides of Nitrogen: Nitrogen Triflouride: TWA= 10 ppm STEL=0 Azotic Oxide: TWA= 25 ppm STEL=0 Azotic Oxide: TWA=25 ppm STEL=0 Nitrogen dioxide: TWA= 3ppm STEL=0 Nitrogen tetroxide: TWA= 0 STEL=08. Define Dust, list and briefly describe the general preventive steps, which can be used to command or forestall exposure to high dust exposures.Dust caused by the mechanical decomposition of stuff can be defined as a aggregation of solid atoms which:Are dispersed in a gaseous medium ( normally air )Are able to stay suspended in the air for a comparatively long clipHave a high surface country to volume ratio.So briefly, over the full scope of airborne stuffs, dust by and large has the largest atom size although it can exhibit a broad particulate scope. In general, dust can be defined an merger of assorted particulates ( solid affair ) that can divide and stay in suspension in air. Dust is by and large caused by mechanical weathering through, in the instance of mines, the usage of really big machines ( drills and crushers ) and blasts. Dust can either present an immediate jeopardy ( I, e, oculus annoyance ) or long term wellness effects ( radioactive atoms that stick to respirable dust which are later inhaled ) . Whether the effects are long term or short term, there are a figure of ways that duty callings can command or even extinguish dust. 1 ) Preventative steps ( Elimination ) :This is the best manner among all.This includes irrigating to cut down dust formation when film editing and boring ; guaranting that cutting equipment is crisp, and utilizing oils to transport mine cuts to an enclosed country.Under these conditions, â€Å"the means of control† is through riddance.A concluding piece of equipment is a unsighted hole bore bit which traps the dust generated through an enclosure.2 ) Ventilation ( Engineering ) :This is an technology agencies of control dust through a proper airing system.Here the air must be able to be strong plenty to pick up the heavy dust atoms to cut down the sum of dust concentrating in the air or on the land.Dust extraction and filtration systems that pump in the ‘dusty ‘ air, filter out the atoms and so throw out ‘cleaner ‘ air.3 ) Removal of employees ( Administrative ) :This is an administrative attack where the employees are fundamentally removed from the jeo pardy thereby extinguishing exposure.This is frequently non really practical, particularly in medium/small operations, or in rural operations where all employees are needed, or working rotary motion is non an option.4 ) Use of inhalator ( PPE ) :This is the least manner control nevertheless we have no other option.Here a worker uses a inhalator in order to filtrate out the dust, thereby understating hazard by cut downing exposure.However, many inhalators can be excessively heavy or cumbrous to cover with, particularly belowground.9. Discourse how methane is generated in mines. What are the cardinal hazards associated with methane, and how can the hazards be managed?Methane coevals in mines:This is produced by bacterial and chemical action on organic stuff and is evolved during both the formation of coal and crude oil. One of the most common strata gases. It is non toxic but is unsafe as it can organize an explosive mixture with air. A methane/air mixture normally called firedamp. Methane is normally associated with coal mines but it is besides normally found in other mines which are over or underlain by carbonous formations. Methane is retained within breaks, nothingnesss and pores within stone either as a tight gas or adsorbed on mineral surfaces. When mining disturbs the stone the gas force per unit area gradient set up between the reservoir of methane and the airing system induces flow of methane along natural or excavation induced breaks towards the gap.Key Hazard:Methane has no smell, but it is frequently accompanied by hints of heavier hydrocarbons in the paraffin series, which have a characteristic oily odor. The denseness of methane is a small over half that of air. This gives rise to the danger of methane layering in pools along the roof of belowground gaps. The perkiness of methane can besides do jobs in inclined workings. Methane Burnss in air with a pale blue fire. The explosible scope for methane in air is by and large quoted as 5-15 % with maximal explosibility at 9.8 % . The lower bound remains reasonably changeless, the upper bound reduces as the O content of air falls. To track the flammability of methane air mixtures a coward diagram as shown in figure 2 can be used. With relation to calculate 1: Figure 1: The coward diagram for methane in air.In zone A the mixture is non flammable but is likely to go so if farther methane is added.In zone B the mixture is explosive and has a lower limit nose value at 12.2 % OZones C and D illustrate mixtures that may be in certain countries.Methane beds have two chief jeopardies associated with them:Layers extend the zones within which ignitions can happenWhen an ignition occurs the methane bed acts as an effectual fuse along which the fire can propagate, sometimes taking to much larger accretions in roof pits or in the mariner.Methane and Carbon dioxide ( mixtures of the two gases ) if mixed with N will do the dangers atmosphere. Because this associated with gas effusions are:Suffocation of mineworkers by gas and dust. Compressed air line of lifes may be maintained on or shut to faces that are prone to effusions.The force of the effusion may damage equipment, doing triping that may light the extremely flammable gas/dust mixture.The sudden e nlargement of a big volume of gas can interrupt the airing system of the mine.To command and Manage:To command and pull off the hazard of Methane, foremost of all demand to cognize the beginnings and nature of methane, and how the methane is let go ofing and migrating. And so apprehension of hazards can easy take to larn of the methane hazard direction. The major systems as follows,In its of course happening province in a coal seam, firedamp does non represent an explosive hazard. However, where firedamp released from next seams meets â€Å" fresh-air † in the goaf, the firedamp is diluted and explosive mixtures ( around 5 % to 15 % methane in air ) are formed. Effective firedamp control is indispensable for safe working and involves supplying either:Face-End Ventilation and Gas Control: good designed Ventilation flow avoid the hazard of methane gas.Firedamp Drainage on Retreat Longwalls: Firedamp gaining control efficiencies on longwall faces typically lie between 60 % and 8 0 % of the entire gas on progressing faces and from 30 % to 60 % of the entire gas on retreat faces. Options and Addendums to Firedamp Drain: There are airing options applicable to some retreat longwall coalfaces which can rid of the demand for dearly-won firedamp drainage. Such methods ( eg. hemophiliac roads and sewer gate systems ) are aimed at deviating gas off from working coalfaces along paths separate from those used to serve the face. Goaf Flushing: Goaf flushing has been used for temporarily betterment of firedamp concentrations in a territory return but it is non a recommended gas control solution. The method is by and large applied to a fully-developed goaf ( Internet Explorer. where sufficient goaf has been created to organize a significant gas reservoir ) . The airing force per unit area across a territory is reduced, after work forces have been withdrawn, leting high gas concentration gas to migrate frontward into the return airway. Transport activities in the chief return may hold to be suspended. Finally, the equilibrium between gas flow into the waste and gas flow into the return is restored, the gas concentration in the territory return being at a higher concentration than earlier due to the reduced air measure. On reconstructing the original air flow, the gas is forced into the goaf, off from the face, therefore cut downing the emanation into the return until equilibrium conditions are one time once mor e obtained. This attack is non advised due to the uncontrolled release of elevated firedamp concentrations into air passages and across electrical equipment.Methane Drain: To bring forth gaseous fuel and/or to cut down methane emanations in to airing system its been used. Methane that is drained demands to be transported safely to the point of bringing, the substructure that is required to accomplish this consists of the followers: Pipe ranges, Proctors, Safety devices, Controls, Extractor pumpsOther than all above mentioned, in single states they are following up regulations and ordinances to command and pull off the hazard of Methane. Here is an illustration UK statute law provinces,Electrical power must be switched off when the general organic structure concentration of methane exceeds 1.25 % .If methane concentration exceeds 2 % forces other than those associated with bettering the airing in the country should go forth the country.10. Discourse the beginnings and hazards associa ted with arsenic, quicksilver and nitriles. How can the hazards be managed?A ) quicksilver Beginnings:Natural beginnings:VentsVolatilization from oceansErosion of natural sedimentationsHuman Activities:Estimated to be 1/3-2/3 of the entire quicksilver released into the environment.Beginnings include:Stack losingss from cinnabar roastingThe working and smelting of metalsCoal fired power workssDischarges from mines, refineries and millsCombustion of coal and municipal wastes, industrial wastes and boilersMedical waste incineratorsPesticidesOverflow from landfills/croplandsB ) quicksilver Hazards:Continuity:Can alter signifier,Can non be destroyedSolubility:Cinnabar ( HgS ) is indissoluble ( and resists enduring ) ;Liquid Hg is somewhat soluble in H2O.Bioaccumulation:Hg methylation signifiers CH3Hg+ which is easy absorbed by beings and biomagnifies from the underside to the top of the nutrient concatenationBioaccumulates ( dressed ores ) in musculus and tissue of fish and other wildlif eCH3Hg+ by and large increases by a factor of 10 or less with each measure up the nutrient concatenationC ) Arsenic Beginnings:Arsenopyrite ( FeAsS ) is the most common arsenic mineral in ores and is besides a by-product associated with Cu, gold, Ag, and lead/zinc excavation.Arsenic trioxide ( Fe2As3 ) is present in flue gases from Cu ore roastingcoal-burning power workss and incinerators besides may let go of As into ambiance.Water: mean concentration is 1 ppb, but can be & gt ; 1,000 ppb in mining countries ; As+5 most prevailing ; many compounds dissolve in H2O.D ) Arsenic Hazards:Arsenic is a human carcinogenIn worlds the primary mark variety meats are the tegument and vascular systembirds, animate beings, workss, and freshwater fish can go contaminatedToxicity in H2O is determined by H2O temperature, pH, organic content, phosphate concentration, suspended dirts, presence of oxidizers, and speciationTocopherol ) Cyanides Beginnings:Can leach from landfills and cyanide-containing route salts every bit good as to the ambiance from auto fumes ( hydrogen nitrile gas – HCN ) .Some nutrients ( Prunus dulciss and lima beans ) contain nitriles of courseIt can be produced by some bacteriums, Fungis, and algaeSpills: Cyanide and other heavy metal pollutants overflowed a dike at Baia Mare, Romania, polluting 250 stat mis of rivers, and killing 1000000s of fishMost persistent in groundwater & A ; at higher pHF ) Cyanides RisksOral lethal dosage of KCN for an grownup is 200 milligramAirborne concentrations of 270 ppm is fatalLong term exposure to lower degrees consequences in bosom strivings, take a breathing troubles, purging, blood alterations, concerns and thyroid secretory organ expansionCN does non bio-accumulate in fishG ) Cyanide hazard Control Methods:Production: Encourage responsible nitrile fabrication by buying from makers who operate in a safe and environmentally protective mode.Transportation system: Protect communities and the environment during cy anide conveyance.Managing and Storage: Protect workers and the environment during nitrile handling and storage.Operationss: Manage cyanide procedure solutions and waste watercourses to protect human wellness and the environment.Decommissioning: Protect communities and the environment from nitrile through development and execution of decommissioning programs for nitrile installations.Worker Safety: Protect workers ‘ wellness and safety from exposure to cyanideEmergency Response: Protect communities and the environment through the development of exigency response schemes and capablenesss.Training: Train workers and exigency response forces to pull off nitrile in a safe and environmentally protective mode.Daily review of leach residue storage pools and shadowings bringing grapevines ;Incident coverage and a system of exigency processs ;Systems for informations recording, rating, reading and coverage ;Procedure technician preparation and consciousness of possible nitrile related j obs, including personal safety and impacts on the environing natural environment ;systematic records direction and certification of carnal mortalities ;Integrating cyanide direction processs into the site Environmental Management Plan which is presently being updated.H ) Arsenic and quicksilver hazard control methods:The above mentioned methods are suited to follow Arsenic and quicksilver every bit good. However in practical universe, it depends upon the harmness, will change to importances of handling.11. Specify the intent of airing in belowground mines. What types of airings systems are common?The intent for airing in mines is to thin assorted signifiers of gases. These gases could be either a chemical jeopardy ( as in carbon-monoxide and dust ) or explosive physical jeopardies such as methane accretion along the roofs of mine shafts. Ventilation systems frequently come in the signifier of,fans which control air flowarrests and seals will seal escapes in peculiar to older minesDoors and air locksRegulators which is a door with an appropriate transition to keep air force per unit area gradientsAircrossings which allow suction and blowing airing systems to easy by base on balls one another and non let for cross taint12. Electrical power is normally employed in mines, what work patterns would you specify for the care of electrical equipment?Always to be Maintained, reviewed and modified mine power supply systems.Make certain Consistently inspect machineraries and carry out trials for mistakes and jeopardiesMake certain ever the electrical equipment is decently viewed, so that arrange some visible radiations near electrical equipment in belowground mines to guarantee to be seeable.Make certain while Create processs to guarantee noise and electrical jeopardies ; over electromotive forces, current ordinance, noise degre e decreases etc. , are maintained to allow legislative criterions.Without excessively much emphasis, seek to supply machinery that can be moved easy that are besides within legislative demands and can provide equal electricity Create an alternate power supply beginning in instance of machinery dislocation which allows to make care activities. For the speedy designation, install proper mine overseas telegrams with appropriate coloring materials coding system. And following safety regulations and ordinances besides makes the good work patterns for the care of electrical equipment.Failure to exert cautiousness may ensue in hurt, so cautiousness must be used when runing or mending electrical equipmentWhen executing electrical work, ever use the proper protective equipment, such as: safety spectacless, protective baseball mitts, and a decently rated metre.State ordinances, Australian Standards and company policies are designed to guard against electrical jeopardies in the excavation industry. So following up those are really indispensableWet conditions may eat metal electrical constituents and do their failure. Falling stone may damage an electrical overseas telegram or constituent. So need to avoid those sort of unsafe conditions before put ining at specific topographic points or demand to take attention to avoid those jobs.Exercise cautiousness to be used to utilize proper protective equipment when working with batteries. Because batteries could detonate and do hurt or could light and do fires.All have to be cognizant and particularly all electrician decently trained to Be watchful and knowing of the jeopardies of electricity.Make certain ever maintaining attitude tono electrical work can be performed until the electrical circuit is knocked, locked, and tagged.Always make certain the frame land is decently connected.No electrical work shall be performed except by a qualified individual. Circuit surfs and gulfs shall be marked for designation. Circuit interrupting devices or proper fuses, shall be installed to protect against short circuit and overloads.u Unpluging devices shall be locked and tagged out. All electrical equipment shall be examined, tested, decently maintained, and consequences recorded as required13. Your mine employs grapevines to convey the followers:Compressed airService H2OMethaneRun of mine drainage H2OHow would you guarantee that each grapevine can be readily identified by a speedy ocular review?C oloring the pipes with different sort of colorss may give solution to this instance. Examples:Blue coloring material for service H2ORed coloring material for Compressed airGreen coloring material for MethaneYellow coloring material for mine drainage H2OThis manner each pipe is easy visualised in the mine. A mark that demarcates the coloring material coding system will besides be necessary to clear up the coloring material cryptography system.14. Distinguish, with the usage of illustrations, the difference between major, chronic and minor incidents. What are the legal demands for describing these different types of incidents in your legal power?Incident is a happening of an event that has a non human component to it ( unlike accidents ) . Major incidents: Are sudden alterations which are dramatic, necessitate immediate responses, and are by and large dearly-won and a figure of human deaths. An illustration is methane gas effusions in belowground coal mines. Examples:Major fire, detonationFatalityStructural prostrationMajor equipment harmMajor loss of productionTypically cost 1000000s of moneysChronic Incidents: Are events that result in an hurt ; is related to a figure of causes, and have effects that are lower in magnitude and strength than major incidents. Sometimes these events may do change in the normal processs in mines. Examples:Recuring quality divergence.Recuring equipment failure.System corrosion/erosion.Fleeting emanations.Slips, trips and falls.Minor Incidents: Or near miss incidents which do non involved in any loss or hurt but if a different event occurred, could do hurt or injury. When these incidents happened, the legal demand is 5 stairss:ReportingGathering the FactsDetermine Cause ( s )Develop and Implement Corrective ActionMonitor and Review15. Discourse four theories of accident causing.1. Domino theory:It is developed by Herbert Hinrich ( Travelers Insurance Co ) in 1920.Says that hurts occur from actions that interact. The hurts are caused by insecure Acts of the Apostless by workers and are by and large preventable given proper safety preparation. It includes:Injuries arise from a set of complete actionsMost hurts arise from insecure Acts of the ApostlessAccidents are mostly preventableInsecure Acts of the Apostless can hold ulterior effects vs immediateManagement should take controlHarmonizing to Heinrich, five factors can take up to an accident:Lineage and societal environmentMistake of a individualInsecure mechanical or physical state of affairssThe accident itself ( falls, being hit )Injury: Typically lacerations and breaksUnder this rubric, direction should take control and supply safety to workers.2. Human Factors Theory:Accidents are caused by human mistake under three chief factors:Overload ( instability in a individuals capacity )Inappropriate Response: How a individual responds to a state of affairsInappropriate Activity: Human mistake in judgement, action, way, etc. )3. Accident and Incident Theory:Asper this theory, the environment is a cause alternatively of human mistake. The design and excessively high of outloo k in work end product are the causes of accidents. Therefore, there is an indirect influence of direction and economic factors ( deadlines, agenda, budget, peer force per unit area etc. ) that can take to bad judgement and therefore accidents. The Accident and Incident Theory proposes a causal relationship exists between direction clime and focal point, and accident causing.4. Epidemiologic Theory:Accidents are caused bysensitivity features ( cultural, physical charecteristics, societal norms )Situational characterisitics ( unequal preparation, small counsel, or direction â€Å"climate† ) .Under this theory there is a causing nexus between the environment and societal or mental factors. The Epidemiology theory holds that theoretical accounts used for survey and finding of disease can be utilized for accident causing as good16. ( a ) What is occupational hearing loss?A signifier of hearing loss due to the disfunction of the auditory nervus, ( i.e. hearing loss ) that is caused by the overexposure to noise degrees of high strength ) . This is besides called acoustic injury hearing loss( B ) Define the footings frequence, strength, dubnium, dubnium ( A )Frequency: The rate at which sound atoms vibrate through an elastic medium that the ear can comprehend as ‘sound ‘ .Frequency = Cycles per Second = Hertz = Hz 1000 Hz = 1 Kilohertz = 1 kilohertz = Human Voice Intensity: Intensity is the sum of energy going through a unit volume of air during a certain timeframe. dubnium: The dB ( dubnium ) is a logarithmic unit that indicates the ratio of a physical measure ( normally power or strength ) relation to a specified or implied mention degree. Amplitude = Loudness = Decibels = dubnium 60 dB = Average Speaking Voice dubnium ( A ) : It is the frequence response curve which is resembles the normal frequence hearing curve for most people. A metre utilizing this web will give a consequence which does hold some resemblance in degree to that degree which is experienced by most people The other manner we can state that, Noise is measured in dBs ( dubnium ) at a certain graduated table, such as A or C. The dB graduated table is logarithmic. That means, with a 5dB exchange rate, 95 dubnium is 100 % more noise than 90 dubnium.( degree Celsius ) Define the term Daily Noise Dose ; what factors influence this?Daily Noise Dose:The Daily Noise is an exposure criterion that measures the grade a individual working is able to be exposed to resound. Worksafe states that a degree of 85 dubnium ( S ) ( ie not additive criterion ) over 8 hr twenty-four hours ( much like the clip weight norm ( TWA ) exposure standard ) should non be breached, nor a peak degree of 140 dubniums at any specific clip should non be breached ( much like the TLV-STEL ) . If exposure to resound is to happen above these degrees a step of control upon noise is required. Harmonizing the National Institute for Occupational Safety – NIOSH – the day-to-day dosage degree – D – should non be or transcend 100. When the day-to-day noise exposure consists of periods of different noise degrees, the day-to-day dosage can be calculated as: D = ( te1 / td1 + te2 / td2 + †¦ + ten / tdn ) 100 % ( 1 ) where D = day-to-day noise exposure ( % ) Te = exposure clip at a specified noise degree td = maximal continuance clip at a specified noise degree The day-to-day dosage can be converted to an 8-hr Time-Weighted Average -TWA by the expression TWA = 10 log ( D / 100 ) + 85 ( 2 )